The difference between double-sided double-glass n-type monocrystalline solar photovoltaic module and ordinary components is reflected in multiple dimensions, from core materials to structural design, to performance and application scenarios, all of which show significant differences. These differences make it occupy a unique position in the photovoltaic market, especially in terms of efficient power generation and long-term reliability.
is one of the fundamental differences between the two. Ordinary photovoltaic modules usually use P-type monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon cells, which are doped with boron to form hole-conducting semiconductors; while double-sided double-glass n-type monocrystalline solar photovoltaic modules use N-type monocrystalline silicon cells, which are doped with phosphorus to form electron-conducting semiconductors. N-type silicon wafers are more sensitive to impurities and require higher purity, but their minority carrier lifetime is longer, which can theoretically reduce recombination losses and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, the upper and lower layers of the double-sided double-glass module are both glass encapsulation (ordinary modules are mostly glass + backplane structure), and the transmittance, weather resistance and mechanical strength of the glass material directly affect the performance of the module.
runs through the entire module. Ordinary modules generally adopt a five-layer structure of "glass + EVA film + battery cell + EVA film + backplane". The backplane plays an insulating, waterproof and weather-resistant role, but long-term use may cause performance degradation due to aging. The double-sided double-glass N-type module adopts a full-glass packaging structure of "glass + film (such as POE or EPE) + battery cell + film + glass", eliminating the traditional backplane, and the upper and lower glasses are tightly attached to the battery cell through the film. This design enables the module to have double-sided power generation capabilities. The lower layer of glass can stimulate the back of the battery cell to generate electricity through light. At the same time, the full glass structure enhances impact resistance and sealing, and reduces the risk of water vapor and oxygen infiltration.
Ordinary modules only generate electricity by absorbing light from the front of the battery cell. The back cannot use reflected light from the ground, water surface, etc. due to the backplane blocking; the upper and lower surfaces of the double-sided double-glass N-type module are both transparent glass, and the front and back of the battery cell can absorb light. Especially when the installation scene has reflective conditions (such as white roofs, water surfaces, snow), the back power generation can be increased by 10%-30%. In addition, the temperature coefficient of N-type cells is lower (usually -0.25%/℃ to -0.3%/℃, while that of ordinary P-type modules is about -0.35%/℃), and the power decay is slower in high temperature environments, which has significant advantages in high temperature areas such as deserts and tropical regions.
The backplane materials of ordinary modules (such as PET base film) are prone to aging and cracking under the action of ultraviolet rays, humidity, and temperature changes, resulting in water ingress to the modules and corrosion of the cells, and the service life is usually about 25 years; the full glass structure of the double-sided double-glass N-type module has no backplane aging problem, and the weather resistance of the glass material can reach more than 30 years, and it has stronger resistance to wind and sand, salt spray, acid and alkali corrosion, and is suitable for harsh environments such as high humidity, high salt spray (such as coastal areas), and high dust (such as desert areas). In addition, the rigid support of the glass improves the mechanical load resistance of the module and can withstand greater wind pressure and snow pressure.
The production of N-type monocrystalline cells has higher requirements for silicon purity, doping process, cleaning and texturing, and the production cost is higher than that of P-type cells; the full glass encapsulation of double-sided double-glass modules requires more precise lamination equipment to ensure that the two pieces of glass are aligned with the cells, and the glass has a large self-weight, which increases the transportation cost and installation difficulty. In contrast, the backplane encapsulation process of ordinary modules is mature and the cost is lower. However, from the perspective of long-term benefits, the high power generation and long life of double-sided double-glass N-type modules can dilute the initial investment cost, especially in scenarios such as BIPV (photovoltaic building integration), with better overall cost performance.
Ordinary modules are mostly used in traditional scenarios such as ground power stations and mountain photovoltaics, relying on a single front power generation, and have lower requirements for installation inclination and reflection conditions; double-sided double-glass N-type modules are more suitable for distributed photovoltaics (such as roofs, balconies), water surface photovoltaics, agricultural and light complementarity, and can increase overall benefits through back power generation. For example, when installed on the roof, the lower glass can absorb the reflected light from the roof. When installed above the agricultural greenhouse, the scattered light through the glass can meet the crop lighting needs, achieving the dual benefits of "photovoltaic + agriculture".
The back of ordinary modules is a dark backplane with a single overall appearance; the upper and lower glass of the double-sided double-glass N-type module can be selected as transparent or translucent materials according to needs, and the lower glass can also be customized in pattern or color to meet the needs of architectural aesthetics. It is often used in BIPV projects such as photovoltaic curtain walls and skylights. In terms of installation, double-sided double-glass modules usually need to be fixed with matching aluminum alloy frames or pressure blocks, and bottom ventilation space must be reserved to avoid heat accumulation, while ordinary modules can be directly fixed on the bracket by hooks, and the installation process is relatively simple.
Double-sided double-glass n-type monocrystalline solar photovoltaic module has broken through the limitations of ordinary modules in terms of power generation efficiency, reliability, and application scenarios through innovations in materials, structures, and processes. Although the cost and installation complexity are higher, its long-term value and diversified functions make it an important direction for the upgrading of photovoltaic technology. With the expansion of the mass production scale of N-type cells and the optimization of glass packaging processes, the market penetration rate of such modules will continue to increase, promoting the photovoltaic industry to develop towards high efficiency and low carbon.
